Special education reform has targeted placement of children with disabilities. Terms such as "mainstreaming,""least restrictive environment," and "full inclusion" describe various reform stages. This article briefly reviews the history of special education reform, discusses current ideas related to best practice, and…

The current cultural situation calls for reestablishing art education's fundamental purpose: cultivation of percipience in matters of art and culture. This article characterizes the learner image that should influence curriculum design and evaluation, describes the nature of art and its contribution to human fulfillment, sketches five phases of…

The North Central Association of Schools and Colleges's periodic evaluation requirement is a fundamental stimulus for cooperative growth, improvement, and directed change. For one Michigan school district, the accreditation process provided assurance that its schools had met standards of educational quality, conducted a vigorous self-study, and…

After completing an audit of Chapter 1 allocations in five states, the U.S. Department of Education's inspector general suggested that authorizing legislation be amended to substitute some measure of membership for average daily attendance. States are also having trouble reporting current expenditures in conformance with the originally prescribed…

Hundreds of school districts nationwide are looking toward user fees to sustain programs inadequately funded by state income and property taxes. A recent survey found that 34 states now permit the assessment of fees against students. User fees raise equity and legality issues, limit student participation, and can be used to garner public support…

Some members of Congress retain a Norman Rockwell image of the two-parent household. To make headway with these leaders, educators must get them into schools and neighborhoods to let them see firsthand the crying needs of children and the schools providing safe harbor for a few hours. Administrators should also share their visions of education's…

A recent RAND study questions the reliability of judgments used in portfolio evaluation in Vermont Schools. Researchers at the Center for Research in Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing are developing guidelines to determine whether the new performance-based assessments are valid and reliable. Emerging CRESST criteria concerning testing…

Ongoing research finds that alternatives to formal tests carry hidden costs and require trade-offs. National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing (CRESST) is studying how performance assessments work so that they may be designed to help students reach their highest potential. This article raises priority questions,…

To disrupt the escalating "arms race" between violent students and their schools, at least 5,000 U.S. elementary and secondary schools now use 1 of several conflict resolution models, including peer mediation, comprehensive whole-school programs, and curricular approaches (violence prevention and law-related education) designed for at-risk…

Because school violence is not confined to cities, even rural administrators and board members have become legally responsible for addressing the issue. To prevent lawsuits and ensure school safety, districts must have an official policy, knowledge about potentially disruptive students, law enforcement liaisons, and inservice education for…

Planning for tomorrow's educational technology should consider access over specific hardware and software packages. Five essential planning components are networking, telecommunications, connections, teacher training, and funding. Some networking applications include well-distributed and well-integrated software that is easily adaptable to…

A survey of 575 spouses of Nebraska school administrators portrayed mounting pressure from increasing work demands. Fully 90% indicated that afterhours activities are exhausting and disruptive to family life. Other problems include dual home/office personalities, everyday job stress, unshared child-rearing responsibilities, and loneliness. Still,…

Democratic societies require citizens committed to realizing democratic ideals. Multicultural education helps unify a nation deeply divided along racial, ethnic, and class lines. Research documents schoolchildren's biases, showing that multicultural materials and cooperative teaching strategies can help them develop more positive attitudes and…

School officials have a moral and legal duty to preserve all students' safety and well-being while not trampling on the constitutional rights of students involved in disruptive behavior. Administrators must adopt defensible school policies, ensure parent understanding, observe due process, and exercise administrative authority in a reasonable…

Service learning represents a relatively low-cost strategy for enhancing youngsters' educational experience. Research at Brandeis University suggests that payback to communities substantially outweighs moderate costs involved in integrating service learning into the curriculum. Lower overhead helps districtwide initiatives achieve lower ($27)…