In 1994, Long Beach (California) Unified School District began requiring uniforms in all elementary and middle schools. Now, half of all urban school systems and many suburban schools have uniform policies. Research on uniforms' effectiveness is mixed. Tightened dress codes may be just as effective and less litigious. (MLH)

In Long Beach, California, a courageous, communitywide conversation devised a new approach to enforcing K-8 promotion standards. Retention programs will not be a repeat of services, but offer retained children a significantly different academic experience. Retention criteria will comprise multiple measures, based on proficiency with content…