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Thomas, Christopher L.; Cassady, Jerrell C. – SAGE Open, 2021
Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Model makes a theoretical distinction between the contribution of dispositional anxiety and the transitory experience of anxiety to performance difficulties during testing situations. According to the State-Trait framework, state anxiety is viewed as the primary performance barrier for test-anxious students, and…
Descriptors: Personality Traits, Test Anxiety, Psychometrics, Test Validity