Health effects of teacher stress and teacher burnout are reviewed separately. Serious methodological and conceptual difficulties in research weaken conclusions that have been drawn regarding the effects on teacher health of stress and burnout. The need for theory-based investigations is discussed. (SLD)

The results of a meta-analysis that found that rewards do not threaten intrinsic motivation have not been well accepted by those who argue rewards produce negative effects under a wide range of conditions. Nevertheless, the results and conclusions of the meta-analysis are held to be valid. (SLD)

This paper reviews empirical research conducted during the past 15 years on the use of evaluation results. Sixty-five studies in education, mental health, and social services are described in terms of their methodological characteristics, their orientation toward dependent and independent variables and the relationships between such variables.…

Statistical methods are discussed for studying relations between two sets of variables, when each set contains more than one variable. (Author)

Fifth article in a sequence that originated with a controversial article by Arthur R. Jensen (1969) criticized by Richard J. Light and Paul V. Smith (1969) and countercriticized by the author (1971). (SE)

Many researchers, wishing to generalize to large numbers, have turned away from Piaget's measurement techniques to group paper-and-pencil tests. The psychometric properties of these tests and their statistical links with other constructs are examined, along with the relationship between the observed products of mental effort and their underlying…

The major theme is that better and more productive studies could emerge if media research would move out of its traditional either-internal- or-external validity conflict. (Author/MV)

Multivocal literatures are comprised of all accessible writings on a common topic and embody the views of diverse authors. The exploratory case study method is proposed as a way to ensure rigor in reviews of such literatures because it addresses problems associated with the selective use of data. (SLD)

The conclusion of J. Cameron and W. D. Pierce that rewards do not pose a threat to intrinsic motivation (1994) is a misrepresentation of the literature based on a flawed meta-analysis. Their analysis is more an attempt to defend behaviorist turf rather than meaningful consideration of relevant data and issues. (Author/SLD)

This meta-analysis summarizes teaching effectiveness studies of the past decade and investigates the role of theory and research design in disentangling results. Compared to past analyses based on the process-product model, a framework based on cognitive models of teaching and learning proved useful in analyzing studies and accounting for…

Research design sampling models regarding educational research of within-grade influences on overall educational experiences are discussed and limitations of each model noted. (DEP)

Sources for thinking about and doing new paradigm research are reviewed. A variety of nontraditional approaches that address the role of subjectivity and consensus in research are discussed. The effect of personal and social processes on the researcher, including how one's construction of reality depends on the chosen methodology, is emphasized.…

This is a response to Shockley (1971) which summarizes the original Light and Smith work; outlines Shockley's criticisms; responds to the statistical issues; and concludes with the methodological implications of the disagreement. (VW)