Classroom observation research plays an important role in policy, practice, and scholarship for students with disabilities. When interpreting results of observation studies, it is important to consider the validity evidence provided by researchers and how that speaks to the intended use of those results. In this literature synthesis, we used…

Recent studies indicate that examiners make a number of intentional and unintentional errors when administering reading assessments to students. Because these errors introduce construct-irrelevant variance in scores, the fidelity of test administrations could influence the results of evaluation studies. To determine how assessment fidelity is…

A review of early and modern work concerned with response-contingent testing and a discussion of its applications, limitations, and future prospects is provided. (KM)

Procedures for establishing standards and determining the number of items needed in criterion referenced measures were reviewed. Discussion of setting a passing score was organized around: performance of others, item content, educational consequences, psychological and financial costs, and error due to guessing and item sampling. (Author)