Many students struggle to acquire adequate reading comprehension and writing skills. Although word recognition and spelling are needed to fully actualize these skills, the oral language aspects of reading and writing can be taught and practiced without text. Oral storytelling is good for all students, but it may be essential for students with…

The authors describe Monster, P.I., which is an app-based, gamified assessment that measures language skills (knowledge of morphology, vocabulary, and syntax) of students in grades 5-8 and provides teachers with interpretable score reports to drive instruction that improves vocabulary, reading, and writing ability. Specifically, the authors…

Spanish-English cognates (words from ancestrally related languages similar in appearance and meaning) are plentiful in students' reading materials, but few researchers have documented elementary-age bilingual (Spanish-English) students' actual use of cognates. The authors drew from two qualitative research studies to show how bilingual students…

Close reading of poetry scaffolds readers and writers as they come to understand the form and function of poetry and transfer those skills to writing. In this teaching tip, the authors explain a way in which primary teachers can introduce close reading and move young students toward composing and presenting poetry.

Research shows that cognitively demanding text-based writing assignments increase students' reading comprehension skills and analytic writing competencies. In this article, we describe the steps that upper-elementary grade teachers can take to develop cognitively demanding assignments that build these higher-level literacy skills and put students…

Connectives (e.g., although, consequently, in contrast) are often considered the "signposts" of texts. In this article we argue that connectives represent a special kind of vocabulary knowledge that students need to develop both in order to read challenging, academic texts with understanding and to produce academic writing. Yet tapping…

The purpose of this "teaching tips" article is to describe practical classroom instruction that helps elementary students write expository responses to narrative texts. It focuses on the importance of scaffolded, interactive discussions comprised of a combination of teacher think alouds and similar student responses before, during, and…

Elementary teachers can use writing to learn effectively and regularly in their classrooms, not only to strengthen students' writing skills but also to deepen reading comprehension and encourage active learning. Students who use writing-to-learn strategies are more involved in their learning and perform better on assessments--but, more important,…

The current wave of school reform, with its emphasis on assessment of basic reading, writing, and math skills, has resulted in a diminished role for other core subjects. In the United States, the No Child Left Behind Act calls for the addition of assessments in science, but it seems that social studies will be a core discipline that is left…

Describes four strategies that can help develop children's sense of story structure: story patterns, circle stories, story pictures, and story maker. (FL)

Uses findings from story grammar research to create guidelines to help students in writing book reports and describes applications of the guidelines as they were used in a second and a fifth grade classroom. (FL)

Describes a hierarchical summary procedure that directs students' attention to the organization of ideas in content area textbook selections. Explains how the procedure helps students to improve their comprehension and recall and to write better organized compositions. (FL)

Provides a rationale for the reading/writing connection through a brief review of research and describes Questions into Paragraphs (QuIP), a three-step procedure designed to improve expository awareness. (FL)

Examines interactive reading as a technique for applying the findings of recent brain research to the reading process. Describes a method of interactive reading that requires students to relate their concepts, knowledge, and experiences to print and to practice language arts skills while creating an individual and personal picture book to share…