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Direct linkMancilla-Martinez, Jeannette; Hwang, Jin Kyoung; Oh, Min Hyun – Reading Teacher, 2021
This study examined multilingual learners' achievement and growth in their language and literacy skills. Fifty-two multilingual students in Grades 2 and 4 with varying levels of English proficiency from Spanish-speaking homes in the American South participated in this study. They were assessed on English reading comprehension (RC), English word…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Bilingual Students, Multilingualism, Limited English Speaking
Peer reviewedCrawford, Alan N. – Reading Teacher, 1985
Concludes that the PDIL (the Spanish version of the Test of Early Language Development) should be used with caution. Since its reliability and validity were determined with the English language version, the method used to translate test items may have some ambiguities, and some illustrations on picture cards may not be culturally appropriate for…
Descriptors: Cultural Awareness, Cultural Differences, Language Skills, Oral Language
