Higher-education institutions in Texas are increasingly exploring innovative approaches to structuring and delivering degree programs. Several institutions have developed competency-based degree programs, which aim to offer new pathways for students to obtain postsecondary credentials and to reduce higher-education costs for students by focusing on mastery of competencies rather than on seat time. These programs often differ from traditional degree programs in a variety of ways; typically they include self-paced movement through courses, online course delivery, the exclusive reliance on assessments to demonstrate mastery of competencies, reorientation of faculty roles, enhanced student supports, and movement away from tuition structures that are tied to credit hours. This report aims to describe existing competency-based degrees and certificate programs in Texas; to summarize the national landscape for competency-based programs, including the perceived benefits and limitations; and to suggest some potential areas for focus as the state of Texas and higher-education institutions explore the possibility of further expanding these programs. While this report was specifically written for Texas state policymakers and administrators at institutions in Texas, it may be informative to policymakers and higher-education leaders across the nation. Interview protocols are appended and a list of abbreviations is included.