A small data set is used to show that correlations and standard deviations measured within an explicitly selected group need not be smaller than those within an applicant population. Both validity and reliability estimates within a selected group can exceed those within an applicant population. (Author/LMO)

The relationships among Rao's canonical factor analysis, Kaiser and Coffrey's alpha factor analysis, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient are discussed. Implications for test reliability and validity are noted. (JKS)

Classical test theory findings can be derived from the concepts of conditional expectation, conditional independence, and related notions. It is shown that these concepts provide precisely the formalism needed to obtain the classical results with minimal assumptions and with greatest economy in the methods of proof. (RC)

A procedure is developed for estimating correlations among new tests when non-overlapping sub-samples each are administered a different new test and all sub-samples are administered a set of standard tests. (JKS)

A statistical method for testing the agreement between a judge's assessment of an object or subject and a known standard is developed and shown to be superior to two other methods which appear in the literature. (Author/JKS)

On distractor-identification tests students mark as many distractors as possible on each test item. A grading scale is developed for this type testing. The score is optimal in that it yields an unbiased estimate of the student's score as if no guessing had occurred. (Author/JKS)