Two limitations in the Report of the International Commission on the Development in Education reflect its unenthusiastic welcome from certain sectors of the Third World. The document failed to explain the phenomenon of inequality and of social and educational injustice and contained an ingenuous reliance on a scientific approach. (Author/KM)

This chapter of a working paper, drawing on studies by eight African States, analyzes the dissatisfaction existing among young people who are educated for a type of employment available to only a few. General policy guidelines which could help meet the needs of both rural and urban students are discussed. (KM)

This paper surveys the literature on educational programmes in selected rural areas of the world. It reports present trends in organization, content and methodology. The focus is on the structure of formal education, its innovation and impact on the development of the rural areas. (SM)

The fundamental problems of investment in rural education in the present developing countries are analyzed. Needs of rural education are outlined and financial considerations related to investment in the improvement of rural educational programs are discussed. (SM)

Statistics representing attitudes of the world's governments concerning education in terms of public expenditure are compiled and presented in tabular form. Comparisions are made to expenditures in developed and developing countries for competing activities such as public health and military costs. (SM)

Reports a case study of the village of Illukwewa, Sri Lanka, which examined traditional technologies, life skills and the feasibility of implementing formal learning programs based on these methods. Makes recommendations on focusing the learning process toward formal education. (KO)

Describes and critically analyzes adult literacy training efforts in Zambia from 1945 to 1986. Offers the integrated small-scale approach as a more beneficial and cost effective means of training. Suggests that a grass roots method which attacks illiteracy both across and within the community will lead to the most effective program. (KO)

Educational gains made by Cuban women since the revolution are described. (DE)

Urgent societal needs in Asia require a wider concept of learning and a wider role for the teacher, parents, peers, community, and mass media. (Author/DE)

Comments on a recent "Prospects" article on education in developing countries are presented. The author, a World Bank executive, commends the efforts of the Education Department of the World Bank at looking, listening, and discussing on the spot all aspects of the development process and in financing educational reform in economically…

The rationale underlying the emphasis of current UNESCO programs on renovation and reorientation of formal and nonformal systems of education in rural areas introduces a series of papers which emphasize the need for coordinated, long-term planning for rural development. (SM)

In this article focus is on some aspects of the planning of educational systems, a fundamental issue involved in developing educational and training programs for rural development. The need for planning of the organization and work of individual institutions and services responsible for education in rural areas is discussed. (SM)

Better organization of the agricultural sector, expansion of production capabilities, increased employment, satisfaction of the country's needs, and improved productivity are the guidelines considered in the planning and development of the agricultural vocational training system in Algeria. Charts illustrate and clarify the organization of this…

Considers the social, political and economic implications of the continuing development of educational media in an international context. (JB)