Describes the current status of the educational system of Malta. Asserts that a scarcity of personnel and financial resources put great pressure on teachers, administrators, and students. Contends that Maltese educators and the educational system are becoming more self-confident and self-reliant. (CFR)

Compares the differences in purposes for literary campaigns when conducted in developed and developing countries. Considers literacy goals of students, teachers, administrators, and government policymakers. States this primary difference: developing nations' literacy campaigns identify literacy as instrumental to national and individual…

Compares first grade dropout and repetition rates between regions and within two cities, Belem and Porto Alegre, Brazil. Focuses on teacher selection, qualifications, and attitudes through classroom observation, 72 interviews, and 155 questionnaires. Shows first grade teachers expect low-income students to fail and encourage failure through…