Making paper becomes a means for overcoming lack of money in a rural community: Students make money and gain scientific knowledge and practice learning skills by implementing paper-making technology. (JH)

An educational program designed to provide Kenyan villagers with skills useful and necessary at the local level is described. (DE)

Approaches for improving and increasing educational programs that relate skill learning with efforts to increase employment, productivity, and income in rural areas of developing nations are provided. (Author/DE)

Reports a case study of the village of Illukwewa, Sri Lanka, which examined traditional technologies, life skills and the feasibility of implementing formal learning programs based on these methods. Makes recommendations on focusing the learning process toward formal education. (KO)

An educational program designed to give practical information and skills to rural village women in Upper Volta is described. (DE)

This article talks about emphasizing how the educational system has adapted to serve those living in rural areas. (Author/RM)

In terms of nonformal education in developing countries, the author examines (1) the notion of a basic educational package, relevant to the needs of the poorest rural areas, (2) the potential of alternative indigenous educational systems, and (3) possible interactions between nonformal education and the ordinary school system. (Author/AV)

Discussion about universal primary education in developing countries emphasizes how it does not meet the needs of rural people. Basic education programs are described which are relevant to rural children's equity, efficiency, and employment needs. (ND)

Delineates the need to make rural education more relevant to rural students in developing nations, stressing limitations in traditional Western approaches. Advocates rural pedagogy that encourages lifelong learning and develops community resources. Provides a case study of a rural pedagogy program in Sri Lanka. (CH)