Describes personal experiences with university research and development. Criticizes university research as ineffective and inwardly focused, resulting in a concept of scientific research that negates the notion of economic development. Complains that the focus of study no longer contributes to an increase in consumable wealth. Urges that…

Analyzes the relationship of education and work by focusing on the attempts to introduce manual production activities into schools in developing nations. Discusses the link between school environment and productive work in terms of financial, pedagogical, and political motives. (KO)

Discusses the varying definitions of a practical secondary school curriculum and those assumptions about practicality that have led to errors in educational planning. Describes the curricular crisis in many developing countries in terms of confusion surrounding the purposes of vocationalization. Notes that educational planners should not duplicate…

Outlines a process for bringing about changes in teacher education and curriculum design in developing countries. Suggests that these changes will improve teachers' foundations of knowledge, while increasing the relevance of the curriculum. Argues that teacher improvement and curriculum development are complementary elements of improved education.…

Summarizes results of UNESCO's review of estimates and predictions of literacy in light of new data and revised methodology. Analyzes past trends in literacy, illiteracy rates, and prospects for future development. Suggests that the target year 2000 seems unrealistic for those most disadvantaged. Includes breakdowns for disparities by sex, age…

Describes the financial crises of higher education institutions in French-speaking Sub-Saharan African nations. Suggests that higher education is still overfunded in relation to other levels of education. Recommends more efficient spending and fewer, but better, students to improve the image of education in these nations. (CFR)

Describes the current status of the educational system of Malta. Asserts that a scarcity of personnel and financial resources put great pressure on teachers, administrators, and students. Contends that Maltese educators and the educational system are becoming more self-confident and self-reliant. (CFR)

Suggests that the most acute problem in educational planning is the confusion about the nature, purpose, and relevance of education. Argues that education should be viewed as a field of hypothesis about the future. Includes the importance of knowledge and know-how, education versus educational systems, and social versus educational planning. (DK)

Discusses population education efforts to help people understand the nature, causes, and implications of population processes. Includes current regional emphases, formal programs, management and administration, and future issues. Emphasizes basic concepts such as respect for others, especially for females, self-respect and self esteem, the…

Discusses the history of educational planning and administration in Latin America. Describes a period of educational expansion and diversification after World War II and one of disillusionment during the economic crisis of the 1980s. Urges an thorough review of the traditional approaches of educational planning in Latin America and a search for…

Describes efforts to improve educational access and quality in the seven small nations that comprise the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States. Asserts that curriculum reform and textbook development are hindered by intellectual and financial dependence on larger nations. Concludes that cooperation among the nations is one way to help solve…

Discusses international cooperative efforts on educational improvement in small Pacific Ocean nations. Identifies problems in working with small nations with limited financial resources. Describes successful programs of teacher education and textbook development. (CFR)

Discusses the state of education in Africa. Argues that programs must be modified according to the political, social, and economic conditions of each country. States that school enrollments have stagnated, and quality of education has declined, resulting in increased school failure and a low level of cognitive achievement. Discusses collaborative…

Reviews changes in the educational systems of South American nations since the transition to democratic governments in the 1980s. Maintains that South American policymakers and citizens understand that continued economic and political progress must be based on schools and universities. Argues that low pay and status for teachers is a major barrier…

Describes the development of the educational system in the landlocked African nation of Botswana from its independence to the present. Contends that the nation's economic progress is tied closely to the educational system. Concludes that, although still facing many problems, Botswana has been able to create an effective educational system from the…