This engaged scholarship study includes three parts, a grant proposal to redesign the greenhouse at Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos High School into a learning garden and two mixed method studies. The Costco Charitable Giving grant proposal to redesign the greenhouse is provided as a supplemental document to this dissertation. The two mixed method studies…

The proportion of Black men enrolled in college is representative of the Black male population in the U.S. (Toldson, 2019). However, an investigation of the 2010 college entry cohort of Black men showed that only 34% graduate within six years (National Center for Education Statistics; NCES, 2019). The disparity in Black male graduation rate is…

Adult learners who pursue undergraduate degrees online are an understudied group who have characteristics that separate them from traditional younger students or graduate students who might be the same age. These characteristics could give them a different experience in online courses. Do adult learners experience instructor presence in a way that…

Higher education has experienced a frenzy of change in the last two years due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The agitation of shifting traditional face-to-face classes entirely online, followed by repositioning to blended instruction, forced institutions to transform classrooms and purchase adaptable learning technologies within weeks. Faculty were…

The integration of Social Emotional Learning into the secondary curriculum is recognized globally as an important set of skills to have, especially since the onslaught of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of combining these skills within a virtual reality program is to engage and enhance the experience the students have learning the new skills.…

Education has changed more in the last twenty years than in the previous 100 years. This fact is due to the onslaught of online learning opportunities through web 2.0 and 3.0 technologies that allow users to interact almost seamlessly with other people and content. Rapid change brings with it the potential for new challenges about how students…

The gap in supply (i.e., shortage) and demand of the STEM workforce have prompted extensive research on identifying factors that predict STEM outcomes and retention of students. Few studies, however, have examined the relationships between STEM outcomes and predictors in an integrated model, taking into account measurement errors in the…

As currently developed and written, mathematical word problems lack cultural relevance for an increasingly culturally diverse population in elementary schools in the United States. The design and context of mathematical word problems promote the norms, values, and beliefs of the dominant culture while potentially negatively influencing students…

Achieving equitable outcomes in undergraduate biology education requires accurate conceptions of students and the barriers they face to engagement. However, discipline-based education research has yet to engage with the implications of the contemporary landscape of higher education--and its tolls on undergraduate well-being--in theorizing how to…

Interactions between plants, soil, and herbivores can shape plant community dynamics and ecosystem processes. My research addresses gaps in understanding of plant-soil-herbivore interactions in urban woodlands and how to improve critical thinking and literacy about urban woodland ecology through community-engaged learning. I employed greenhouse…

Understanding factors contributing to the persistence and retention of women and underrepresented minorities within science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is among the main issues of concern within STEM education. The available literature suggests that teacher self-disclosure, intrinsic motivation, and emotional and behavioral…

Veterans and students who are currently members of the U.S. Armed Forces have a long and rich history with higher education. Despite this, little quantitative research exists that examines factors that influence academic outcomes and provide results that can be acted upon by institutions, such as community colleges, to improve the academic…

The purpose of this case study is to discover the effectiveness of the instructional design of an organization's current programs. The central research question was to determine how instructional design impacts the effectiveness of a nontraditional court-ordered parental instructional program. The theory guiding this study is Kearsley &…

Background: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may experience challenges with verbal communication (VC) and task engagement (TE) in daily and academic activities. Antecedent-based interventions (ABI) have been explored as evidence-based practices (EBP) to improve VC and TE for children with ASD. The purpose of this study was to examine…

The goal of this research was to examine teacher perceptions of high school student learning and engagement in the online learning environment due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was valuable in order to design, plan for, instruct, and assess students; to make technical, instructional, and student engagement modifications; and to create…