Eating disorder mental health literacy (ED-MHL) refers to one's knowledge and beliefs about eating disorders which aid their recognition, management, and prevention. While programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) are recognized for the content and quality of their programs, they do not currently require specific training in eating disorders counseling despite increasing prevalence and the highest mortality rates of any psychiatric disorder. The primary purpose of the current study with 239 participants was to examine mental health literacy among counselor trainees in identifying and treating eating disorders. Additional aims of this study included determining whether gender and racial identity combinations of fictional clients impacted counselor trainee ability to correctly diagnose an eating disorder; exploring the relationship between orthorexia and ED-MHL using the ORTO-R scale; and analyzing whether these variables (ability to correctly diagnose an atypical eating disorder based on a vignette, ORTO-R score, and select sociodemographic items) could be used to predict ED-MHL. Findings indicated that counselor trainees possessed overall low levels of ED-MHL, and there were no factors predictive of the ability to correctly diagnose an atypical eating disorder. The results of this study have several implications for various stakeholders, including counselor trainees, counselor supervisors, counselor educators, healthcare providers, and those directly impacted by eating disorders and negative body image. These implications, as well as limitations to the study and suggestions for future research, are presented. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]