This study applies theories of globalization, 21st century skills, and project based learning to explore the Costa Rican National Science Fair and its role in building human capital and preparing students for 21st century jobs, particularly in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and math. This qualitative study captured the perspectives of Costa Rican students that participated in the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair, educators at the schools science fair winners attended, government officials, and business leaders. This case study traced a student's path from the micro individual level all the way to the macro policy level, to provide insight into the student's educational experience and help the reader to understand the opportunities available to students in Costa Rica. The first finding of this study is that jobs available in Costa Rica are influencing the instructional programs of schools and students are being taught the skills needed to fulfill theses job demands created by multinational corporations. The second major finding is that schools need adequate teacher training, materials, and technology to fully integrate the science fair into their curriculum. Finally, the last major finding associated with this study is that Costa Rica is committed to STEM education as a means of improving the standard of living. This study contributes to the understanding of the national science fair in Costa Rica and its importance in the development of graduates prepared to compete in the knowledge-based global economy. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]