The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of music and music + instruction on task-oriented behaviors in preschool children with ASD within individual gross motor movement settings. Five preschool children (four boys; one girl) diagnosed with ASD attending a Midwestern private preschool for children with ASD served as participants. The study utilized a multiple-baseline across participants design and task-oriented behaviors during individualized gross motor movement sessions were measured. All sessions were videotaped. Treatment fidelity and inter-observer agreement were established (99% and 93%, respectively). Data were analyzed through visual analysis and descriptive statistics. The results indicate that music + instruction increased task-oriented behaviors when compared to music only for all participants. With the increasing diagnoses of ASD in young children, there is a need for further understanding in how young children with ASD can be successful in movement settings. The results of this study can serve as a foundation to better understand the role of music in preschool programs for young children with ASD. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]