The academic achievement of Hispanic students is not increasing as much as the population is in schools across the United States. Although existing research explores the Hispanic achievement gap, none solely compares the relationship between Hispanic multilingual (ML) and Hispanic non-multilingual (non-ML) students. As the Hispanic population…

Principals' roles have been transformed from solely managerial and now include instructional leadership. Principals were formerly responsible for hiring teachers, communicating the vision and mission for the school, and overseeing the daily operations. Currently, the primary focus of school principals is student achievement for all students. The…

Research examining reading abilities among Black children diverges significantly from prior literature, which either lacked focus or lacked substantial representation of Black children. Black students, particularly boys, tend to exhibit lower academic achievement compared to their peers. The problem addressed in this study is that Black boys, in…

The lack of intentional professional development for STEM stakeholders and culturally relevant STEM spaces that are inclusive of Black girls' identities in the K-12 educational system contributes to the continual widening gap of the lack of Black girls' retention and interest in science and math spaces. If this systemic problem is to be reformed,…

The lack of intentional professional development for STEM stakeholders and culturally relevant STEM spaces that are inclusive of Black girls' identities in the K-12 educational system contributes to the continual widening gap of the lack of Black girls' retention and interest in science and math spaces. If this systemic problem is to be reformed,…

The Science of Reading has the potential to have an enormous impact on historically marginalized groups of students and their ability to read at the same complexity level as their peers. The inability of educators, administrators, and other stake holders to decrease the achievement gap of historically marginalized groups of students makes the need…

This research was intended to find the reasons for limited parent involvement at two different Elementary schools within the same district in the Mid-Atlantic region. Parent involvement is known to be a valuable means to bridge any achievement gaps, motivating students to be more successful. If the main reasons for limited participation by parents…

Despite recognized gains in student achievement in the United States, the achievement gap between economically disadvantaged students and non-economically disadvantaged students expands. Understanding the larger context of student learning is incumbent upon school leaders who must consider the impact of socioeconomic status, residency, and social…

The problem addressed in this study was that non-traditional high school students at the study site were not being provided with in-school intervention and support programs to assist them with academic achievement. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore what in-school programs are offered to non-traditional students at the study…

Black males continue to be the lowest-performing subgroup on state standardized tests in the United States of America. A very large majority of teachers are White females. This study examined the impact of White female teachers' beliefs and actions on the achievement of Black male students. Data was collected via interviews with White female…

This action research investigated the impact that culturally responsive read-aloud/text talk (a culturally responsive teaching (CRT) practice) has on student engagement, sense of belonging, and learning outcomes for elementary-age Black students at an inner-city elementary school. In Cycle 1 of this study, information pertaining to the topic of…

The achievement gap between African American students is growing larger compared to other racial groups. Despite being cognizant of the alarming African American learning gap, there continues to be minimal research that explains and determines the impact of the classroom teacher. Moreover, as Black children continue to underperform on standardized…

High-stakes testing is currently the primary measure of student success in the United States. Based on this measure of student performance, closing the "achievement gap" in test scores between Black and Latinx students and their white peers has become the main indicator of success for schools serving Black and Latinx students. When…

The present qualitative study aimed to investigate how school garden-based science pedagogy improves students' attitudes toward science learning, particularly in under-resourced urban school districts. The findings of this study suggest that the implementation of school garden-based science pedagogy can positively impact elementary students'…

A qualitative multiple-case study explored the perceptions of science teachers, administrators, and specialists on instructional strategies used in urban STEM schools to decrease the science achievement gap among African American students. The problem addressed in this study was the science achievement gap for African American students in urban…