Schools across the United States exercise an exclusionary practice that involves the removal of a student from the academic setting, as a consequence for minor to severe infractions to the code of conduct. Research on exclusionary practices has shown that students who are frequently suspended are more susceptible to developing negative perceptions…

Some educational systems have been making a transformation in practices from punitive discipline practices to restorative justice practices. School systems have been using a zero-tolerance policy, which has shown a negative effect on students with disabilities and low-income students of color (Waggoner, 2018). Even more specifically, these same…

This research describes the application of improvement science focusing on implementing restorative practices (RP) to decrease suspension and expulsion rates of Black students. Black students are suspended and expelled disproportionately compared to their White peers in South Carolina. Due to the high suspension and expulsion rates, school…

Many U.S. schools in poor communities are implementing restorative practices, which comes from the restorative justice model that has been implemented in many juvenile systems. Many schools are implementing restorative practice interventions to improve their drop out rates, graduation rates, and improve their relationships between students and…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Restorative Justice Practices (RJ/RP) strategies being implemented at one urban elementary school that were shown to be highly effective in reducing suspensions and discipline infractions, and isolate key factors critical to the implementation of this approach. In this qualitative embedded case…

Many public urban K-12 schools are in neighborhoods that struggle with systemic social injustices that include poverty, racism, violence, and lack of meaningful opportunities. These realities threaten students' success in school and contribute to injustices in the school system, such as disproportionality in discipline for students of color. In…

Mounting public concern about a school-to-prison pipeline has put schools and districts under increasing pressure to reduce their use of suspensions, expulsions and arrests. Many are turning to restorative justice practices (RJP) as a promising alternative for addressing school discipline and improving school climate. However, implementing RJP in…

Previous research examined various factors of program design, specific program curriculum, and student and faculty attitudes, but repeated studies and methodology questions have been raised with some of the research. Much of the research in the field has examined specific program effectiveness where the researcher is the author of the program or…

This study explored restorative justice arising in the context of an academic high school course in which students learned restorative justice principles and strategies. Given that the literature provided limited guidance of restorative justice in this context, these novel circumstances presented a unique opportunity for study. The central…