Supervision is a deliberate intervention where an experienced professional guides and supports a novice in the same field, creating a careful balance of hierarchy, evaluation, and support (Bernard & Goodyear, 2019). Supervision is crucial in school counseling, a profession that faces unique and specialized challenges in K-12 educational…

U.S. counseling programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs mandate specific supervision requirements for counselors-in-training, in all specialty areas. Supervising school counselors-in-training (SCITs) differs due to the unique responsibilities of school counselors, which encompass crisis…

This study aimed to understand the relationship between School Counseling Site Supervisors' (SCSS) characteristics, Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) training, cultural humility, advocacy competency, and SDOH competency (n = 69). SDOH refers to the factors that inform an individual's physical and mental health. Cultural humility refers to an…

School counselors are change agents, leaders, supporters, and advocates who address the social-- emotional, academic, and career needs of their students. School counselors must be multiculturally competent to meet the needs of all their students. Developing multicultural competence is a complex and ongoing process that includes gaining awareness,…

The Professional School Counselor (PSC) is charged with the academic, social/emotional, and career development for all students within a school. The American School Counselor Association (ASCA) suggests that a minimum of 80% of the PSC's time be spent providing direct and indirect student services (ASCA, 2019a). These services include, but are not…

The limited research regarding post master's degree school counselor clinical supervision (SCCS) denotes school counselors' desire to participate in SCCS, the lack of such participation, benefits of participating in SCCS, and barriers to seeking SCCS. Prior literature explored barriers to SCCS, but there continues to be a gap in the literature as…

Supervision plays a pivotal role in the training and development of novice school counselors. This research project aimed to gain a holistic understanding of novice school counselors entering the profession during the pandemic to highlight their experiences with supervision and its' influence on their identity and competency development. Using an…

School counselors serve an important role in providing frontline counseling services to students in local school districts. Professional associations and educational institutions emphasize the importance of professional competence. However, research on professional competence is fragmented, outdated, and unintegrated. This qualitative study…

This study explored the experiences of school counselors utilizing peer-group supervision to assist in analyzing data to determine the effectiveness of interventions. The literature gap indicates that further research was needed regarding the relationship between appropriate supervision and its impact on school counselors' ability to analyze data.…

School counseling is the second-largest counseling specialty, and the number of CACREP-accredited school counseling programs has grown by 14% between 2014-2018 (CACREP, 2022). Despite the continued growth of school counseling programs, a supply and demand concern regarding school counselor educators continues (Bernard, 2006; CACREP, 2022; Lambie…

The purpose of this study was to examine how clinical supervision impacted School Counselor self-efficacy in a sample of certified School Counselors. Using the School Counselor Self-Efficacy Scale, this study compared the averages of scores between School Counselors who did not have clinical supervision and School Counselors who had clinical…

This quantitative study utilized a causal-comparative design to explore if there was a predictive relationship between school counselors' supervision satisfaction and program implementation. The sample (N=77) included school counselors from the United States who are licensed/certified, currently employed full-time in a public-school setting, have…

This study and the literature demonstrate an overwhelming need for clinical supervision, but there is still a paucity of research on school counseling supervision. Clinical supervision in counseling requires at least three aspects: 1) clinical supervisors received formal training; 2) the belief that clinical supervision has strong effectiveness on…

The literature on school counseling supervision indicates there is a lack of school counseling-specific supervision conducted in school districts, which may be impacting school counselors' professional identity development, self-efficacy, and professional competence (Mascari & Webber, 2012; Cinotti & Springer, 2016; Tang, 2020). This…

This grounded theory qualitative study proposed developing a theoretical framework for under-standing the process in which school counseling site supervisors engage in providing site super-vision to master's level school counseling internship students. Seven school counselors participated in a semi-structured interview that explored their…