The algorithm for fraction multiplication is relatively easy to memorize and implement with accuracy. The simplicity of the algorithm masks the conceptual complexity involved in making sense of what fraction multiplication means in quantitative situations. One important interpretation of fraction multiplication involves fraction composition,…

The purpose of the study was to explore the effects of focused numeracy instruction on the ratio in a middle school mathematics class and the lived experiences of students with special needs as they underwent the intervention. The intervention focused on using numeracy embedded into the intervention, specifically focusing on rational number…

In a multi-year randomized control trial, paraeducators received targeted coaching and professional development to implement an individualized intervention for elementary or middle school students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Paraeducators in the study's two treatment conditions delivered an early literacy intervention…

Improving children's "number sense" has been a core component of recent mathematics curricular and instructional reforms (CCSS, 2010; NCTM, 2000, 2014) in the United States. Students with mature number sense make sense of numbers and operations, use reasoning to notice patterns, and flexibly select the most effective and efficient…

The purpose of the current study was to extend the research on number sense to the middle school level and to simultaneously consider socioemotional elements related to the construct at this developmental stage. Its genesis was initially rooted in an ongoing and dramatic emphasis by U.S. policymakers, researchers, and educators on improving…