Sexist ideologies in society are present in school curricula and contribute to children's socialization to gender norms. The problem of women's representation in history curricula is urgent as it contributes to the cycles of marginalization experienced by women. The purpose of this qualitative instrumental single case study was to describe how…

The present study explored the learning challenges that African American female students experience in their algebra or biology courses. Existing literature does not fully explore this subject, as studies are often inclusive of all races (i.e., all girls in science, technology, engineering, or math [STEM] fields) or all genders (i.e., all Black…

Despite initiatives to increase and broaden participation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, women remain underrepresented in STEM. While U.S. girls and women perform as well as, if not better, than boys and men in math, research results indicate that there are significant declines in girls' math self-efficacy,…

This research described the retrospective formation of identity and manifestation of responsibility of four African-American female leaders who served as urban school principals. Cross (1971, 1991) determined that African-Americans undergo a four step process of identity development that he coined Nigrescence. Within these four stages of identity…

This study investigated if a relationship existed between student achievement in 10th grade Missouri Assessment Program mathematics and 11th grade communication arts scores in 2007 and high school leadership team perceptions of the extent to which they demonstrated leadership practices. The secondary purpose was to compare perceptional…