Academicians, administrators, and policymakers in New Orleans have pointed toward a disproportionate academic and life-cycle outcome where Black American males are particularly disadvantaged as compared to White students. An often-cited cause of these disproportionate outcomes for Black male students is inequality and mistreatment in schools.…

In 2020, during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the national enrollment rate for pre-k children ages 3 to 4 was 40% (a drop from 54% in 2019; National Center for Education Statistics, 2022). This is partly due to fewer children in the 0-5 age group (23.4 million of 72.8 million children in the United States in 2020; U.S. Census Bureau, 2020).…

Although developing a positive relationship between teachers and students is important for students to thrive in school, white teachers frequently fail to do this with their Black students. The failure of white teachers to connect with their Black students contributes to inequities such as disparities in academic achievement, the…

Discipline is defined as the practice of training people to obey rules or a code of behavior, using punishment to correct disobedience. In public schools across the United States, disparate discipline outcomes continue to plague most educational settings, and methods of effectively addressing this concern remain elusive. White teachers comprise…

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to examine the relationship between a teacher's level of implicit and explicit bias, as well as teacher perceptions of the role bias plays in the school setting. A purposeful sample of Black, Hispanic, and White public-school teachers in a large region of southeast Texas was solicited to complete the…