This phenomenological qualitative research study aimed at understanding the scheduling practices of middle school principals in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. More specifically, this study examined how frequent changes are made to the middle school master schedule, factors that contribute to scheduling changes, barriers to scheduling, and the…

In the dynamic realm of virtual education, the successful execution of Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (MTSS) becomes essential for promoting student achievement. This study examines a particular aspect of this educational framework, explicitly investigating the teachers' perceptions of the fidelity of implementing an MTSS framework within an…

While mathematics achievement continues to decline across the United States, minimal research has been conducted on the use of CT skills to increase proficiency. This explanatory, nonexperimental quantitative study focused on the self-assessment of teachers' content knowledge in computational thinking skills and the relationship to students'…

The increased use of technology and access to social media has changed how individuals communicate. According to McNamara (2018), the use of social media via the internet has become an increasingly popular and pervasive aspect of people's lives. Teenagers use social media and technology as their primary method of communication, with U.S. teens,…

This quantitative quasi-experimental study was completed to identify the impact the Success for All: Reading Edge (SFA) program had on student achievement at a Title I middle school. To improve literacy and student achievement in schools, scripted reading programs were created. With the popularity of these programs, research needs to be completed…

The Science of Reading has the potential to have an enormous impact on historically marginalized groups of students and their ability to read at the same complexity level as their peers. The inability of educators, administrators, and other stake holders to decrease the achievement gap of historically marginalized groups of students makes the need…

The accessibility and use of the internet and technological devices for students in all grade levels have increased exponentially. Schools vary in their organizational approach to digital citizenship education. The overall organizational structure depends heavily on the available human resources within each organization. This study aims to…

This quantitative comparison study was conducted to determine if there is a significant difference in multicultural and social justice competencies (MSJCC) between urban and rural school counselors in Pennsylvania. The purpose of the study was to discover how school counselors in different geographical areas assess their work within a…

Despite many differences across Pennsylvania's rural school districts, band programs face similar recruitment, retention, and matriculation challenges. Rural school districts in Pennsylvania account for 235 of the 499 school districts in Pennsylvania while educating less than 20 percent of the student population in the state. In addition, rural…

COVID-19 has had tremendous effects on all aspects of society. In the intervening years, there have been issues with finances, health, and education (Duraku & Hoxha, 2020; Harris, 2020; ODE, 2020; Safi, et al., 2020; Terada, 2020; Whittaker, 2020). The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the job…

Personalized Learning Environments (PLEs) are student experiences where the pace of learning and the instructional approach are optimized for the needs of each student. Standards-aligned learning objectives, instructional approaches, and instructional content (and their sequencing) may all vary based on learner needs and interests. Learning…

Since the development of the public school system, schools have been tasked with producing upstanding citizens and productive members of society (Smith, 2013). Although the focus of adolescent character development has been incorporated into the U.S. public school system, parents, guardians, and caregivers are often excluded from the…

It is not known how school leaders describe their own technology leadership competencies at the upper elementary and middle school levels. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study is to describe what technology leadership competencies are present in assistant principals and principals of grades 4-8 in the state of Pennsylvania. This study…

Learning Management Systems use in higher education and at the high school level has been studied, but with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, students in all levels of education began using the tool. Educators had limited time to prepare to use this tool, and research into how teachers used these tools to engage students and support their…

Teacher efficacy has been researched for over 30 years, teacher efficacy refers to the beliefs of teachers in their abilities to have an impact on classroom management. Classroom management skills have been proven to be a plaguing aspect of the teaching and learning process over the past century. This study answers question about classroom…