The aim of this study was to parse types of self-regulation and understand their relations with writing quality. Various skills within self-regulation are indirectly related to written expression. This is because of their influence on self-regulation processes, such as planning, within the writing process. However, studies have not yet clarified…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and effective written expression. The study participants (N = 76) were developing third and fourth-grade students. They produced three short narrative writing samples and responded to questions on a personality inventory. Written expression was measured using…

Narrative is an important part of how humans make sense of the world and express their thoughts and feelings. For children, stories are the predominant way in which they organize and express ideas and imagination. Hence, stories have a significant role in children's various play activities, especially pretend-play. At around the third to fifth…

This study investigated the understudied area of virtual reality (VR) creation among elementary-aged youth, exploring their engagement in VR creation and the ways in which educators can facilitate this creative process. Using an embedded case study, the researcher examined how the youth visualize writing using the VR creation tool, CoSpaces. To…

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between writing motivation and performance for students in grades three to five, and whether scores differed based on students' language status, gender, or grade level. Three student language groups were included: (1) emergent bilingual students currently receiving services for English…

In response to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act in 2001 (No Child Left Behind), states have sought various ways to adequately assess students in order to in turn hold schools and districts accountable for closing the achievement gap. As the state of Texas, motivated by pressure from parents, teachers, and other vested interest groups who…

This study examined the functional relation between the use of a computer-based graphic organizer (CBGO) with embedded technology features and the improvements in the personal narrative writing by upper elementary students with high-incidence disabilities. In addition, this study explored the improvements in the students' digital literacy skills…

A single-subject, combined multiple-baseline-across-participants and ABC study was conducted to examine the functional relation between a traditional paper-based graphic organizer (PBGO) and a computer-based graphic organizer (CBGO) with technological enhancements (audio-prompting comments and text-to-speech) intervention and the improvements in…

This comparative pre-test/post-test quantitative study investigated the effect of an instructional strategy using concept mapping as a graphic organizer on the quality of persuasive writing compositions produced by fourth grade elementary school students. Six fourth grade classes were assigned as intact groups to three conditions: concept mapping…

Being able to use the words that are learned and encountered in school is an important skill for communicating and displaying understanding. Students are increasingly expected to be able to appropriately and effectively use complex academic words in their writing, yet we know little about this productive aspect of word knowledge. This study…

The new writing standards outlined in the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) are ambitious. Meeting these new demands will be challenging for all students, but even more so for English Learners (ELs) who are simultaneously developing language proficiency while learning to write in new genres. Teacher feedback is widely accepted to be a potentially…

The purposes of this study are to (1) understand how elementary school students use writing to reflect their learning and problem solving in mathematics; and (2) to explore how teachers adapt their instructional approaches based upon reflection on students' writing. This qualitative exploratory study spanned six weeks and included 18…

Widely adopted Common Core State Standards emphasize textual analysis and writing "about" texts (Bomer & Maloch, 2011), but provide little guidance on "what" students should read beyond general references to traditional literature (fables, folktales, and myths) and informational texts. However, as Meek (1988) and others…

The purpose of this study was to investigate how writing in mathematics is treated in one 4th grade National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded mathematics textbook titled "Everyday Mathematics" and one publisher-generated textbook titled "enVision MATH." The developed framework provided categories to support each of the research…

Young adolescents should be able to write organized multi-paragraph compositions that develop a central idea and unfold in logical and sequential order, unified through the use of transitional words and phrases. In other words, the compositions should not just consist of a string of related sentences, but represent a dynamic text that has…