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Vaughn, Margaret – Phi Delta Kappan, 2018
The development of agency is often described as critically important for all students. Countless school mission statements speak of the need to help young people become independent thinkers, for example. Colleges and universities expect high school graduates to be self-driven learners. And business leaders are forever calling upon K-12 education…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Elementary School Teachers, Guidelines, Concept Formation
Cossey, Ruth – Phi Delta Kappan, 1999
The California Mathematics Standards are cynical, mind-numbing, and shallow. Instead of balancing problem solving, concept development, and skill acquisition, the standards are full of obsolete mathematics and devoid of problem solving. Students offering only an algorithm when asked for meaning have style without substance. Blind memorization is…
Descriptors: Concept Formation, Elementary Secondary Education, Mathematics Curriculum, Memorization