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| Phi Delta Kappan | 2 |
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| Journal Articles | 2 |
| Reports - Evaluative | 1 |
| Reports - Research | 1 |
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O'Brien, Thomas C. – Phi Delta Kappan, 1999
Parrot math (memorization) seeks to control children through external rewards and punishments, rather than harness their intelligence and curiosity. Recent standardized test results document parrot math's failure. Activities-based approaches, supported by a constructivist philosophy (involving classifying, inferring, generalizing, and…
Descriptors: Back to Basics, Basic Skills, Constructivism (Learning), Educational History
Cates, Judith N.; Ash, Philip – Phi Delta Kappan, 1983
Examining the history of a "promotion by achievement" program begun in 1973-74 in Greensville County, Virginia, the authors argue that the effects of the program were not racially discriminatory as alleged by a 1980 suit that led to the program's termination in 1981. (JBM)
Descriptors: Ability Grouping, Academic Achievement, Achievement Gains, Back to Basics
