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Direct linkBlack, Paul; Wiliam, Dylan – Phi Delta Kappan, 2010
This September 2010 article is a reprint of the original October 1998 article. Few reform initiatives focus on what goes on in the "black box" of the classroom, on what really happens in the interaction between teachers and students. This article is about the inside of the black box. The authors focus on one aspect of teaching: formative…
Descriptors: Formative Evaluation, Educational Change, Teacher Student Relationship, Academic Achievement
Atkin, J. Myron; Black, Paul – Phi Delta Kappan, 1997
An innovation-focused Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) study of 13 nations participating in the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) found universal unhappiness with the state of mathematics and science education. There was no link among successful test scores, improvement goals, or satisfaction of…
Descriptors: Comparative Education, Competition, Educational Innovation, Educational Policy
