Suggests that counselors abandon the use of negative interventions and adopt positive attitudes in helping people with their problems. Affirming techniques such as reframing and flowing with a client's energy help counselors use their creative energy in an effective, positive manner. (JAC)

Summarizes research on competition as a part of normal development that is disproportionately reinforced within American culture. Concludes that the negative effects of competition are widespread and damaging and that the members of the helping professions have a responsibility to create and protect cooperative environments. (LLL)

Suggests that Employee Assistance Programs (EAPS) offer new and expanded work opportunities for counselors. Reviews the history of EAPS, current philosophy and program components, and implications for counselors as EAPs move from crisis intervention toward prevention. (JAC)

Presents a graphic matrix, the Three Dimensional Intervention Model, to serve as a framework to help counselors visualize the mutual relationships of counseling, consultation, and supervision. An integrated perspective is needed for the enhancement of professionalism and the increase of the overall effectiveness of counseling practitioners. (JAC)

Facets in the revolution in counselling female clients are explored. New counselor training programs are required to meet the needs of emerging client populations. Training programs, outlined, provide guidelines for sex-fair education for all counselors and more intensive training for counselors specializing in counseling of women. (Author/BEF)

This article discussed the relation between ethical standards for counselors and the legal principles of our society as it affects the client-counselor relationship. The concepts of client confidentiality and counselor liability are defined. A client-counselor situation is outlined, with suggested counselor responses to the ethical/legal issues…

Presents a conceptual model of and strategies for counseling on issues of personal loss. Problems appear when grieving is not allowed to proceed naturally. Counseling should aim to identify the need for and facilitate the process of grieving so clients are not overwhelmed. (Author)

Surveyed 57 new mothers to examine the relationship between level of knowledge of informed consent to medical procedures during childbirth with other variables. Results showed women reporting knowledge of patient rights and desire to learn assertiveness were less likely to give birth by cesarean section. Discusses implications for counselors. (JAC)

Reviews coping theory and attribution theory to present a systematic approach to stress management counseling that focuses on teaching clients to diagnose life events and to choose the coping response that is most useful for them. Stresses the importance of counselors becoming proficient in a variety of coping techniques. (LLL)

Contends that experience with a frail or dying client is a learning opportunity for the counselor. Presents several examples illustrating the reactions of the elderly to approaching death and suggests that successful counselors accept their own mortality and acknowledge the decision of the failing elderly that death is near. (JAC)

Presents issues surrounding the definition, identification, and handling of emotional problems in the work environment. Reviews the history and current scope of employee counseling and the role of the practitioner in industry and provides some strategies for counselors to clarify the roles of all participants. (JAC)

Feelings and behavior can be partially affected by the nutritional state. This article suggests that counselors attend to the eating habits of their clients. (Author)

A technique designed to provide an idiosyncratic representation of a client's personal socialization experiences and reanalysis of these experiences from social-learning-theory perspective reveals interconnectedness of cognitions, feelings, and actions that contribute to the client's self-image. A case study illustrating the use of…

Traditionally, community college advisement of new students has taken either a group or individual approach. An appropriate advising model affords the opportunity to draw from the assets of both approaches; that is, if grouping is done, individual attention may be given to students by using pertinent student and curriculum factors. (Author)

Studied the current status of training opportunities for gerontologial counselors. A survey of 474 university counselor education departments showed that 37% offer coursework to train counselors to work with older people, a 6% increase since 1975. In addition, 81 respondents indicated an intent to develop additional course offerings. (Aothor/JAC)