In the present study, we analyze activities on the topic of sound, which are performed in the science education laboratory lessons in the third-year students of the Department of Early Childhood Education at the University of Ioannina. The analysis of the activities is based on one of the most modern learning theories of CHAT (Cultural Historical Activity Theory). The use of CHAT contributes to the emergence of new and flexible ways of evaluating educational activities at European and global level. According to CHAT, the activity is not considered fragmented and isolated, disconnected from the socio-cultural and historical context that supports it. The subjects, rules, tools, and community learning do not operate in isolation, however, all parts/factors are in constant interaction. It is evident that a single change in the factors can cause a change in activity system. Furthermore, teaching and learning are influenced by socio-cultural and historical factors that coexist in the activities (Roth & Tobin, 2007). The analysis of the teaching of science activities to university students illuminates aspects concerning the development and reshaping of curricula from the first stages of education. The socio-cultural theory of CHAT, as a vital component of our ever changing society, contributes to the child's development as a future active citizen. (Contains 3 figures.) [This research was co-funded by the European Union-ESF (European Social Fund) and National Sources, in the framework of the program "HRAKLEITOS II" of the "Operational Program Education and Life Long Learning" of the Hellenic Ministry of Education, lifelong learning and religious affairs.]