Language testing research has recently witnessed an increased interest in test-wiseness strategies and test-taking strategies used by test-takers in responding to test tasks. Although these strategies are extensively studied in L1 literature, they are noticeably neglected in EFL/ESL testing literature. The purpose of this article is to: a) highlight the difference between test-wiseness strategies and test-taking strategies, b) discuss taxonomies of test-wiseness and test-taking strategies in the general educational literature and language testing literature, c) highlight the pedagogic significance of test-wiseness, d) review related EFL/ESL literature, and e) bring out the importance of test-wiseness and test-taking strategies to EFL/ESL teachers, teacher trainers and curriculum designers.