Mental health has received increasing attention over the past few years as a common problem with serious consequences for the health and well-being of the people. But there is little attention paid to the problem for the special group of population, female teachers in China's colleges. Most of them are in a dilemma of how to perform and harmonize the social and family responsibilities well, which has been a heavy burden on them and has a bad effect on their health. Our aim is to assist people to understand and pay great attention to the female teacher's mental health in China's colleges. This article includes issues of situation and classifications of the mental health of the female teachers, i.e. psychology and behavior, body symptom, and professional burnout. The two aspects, objective factors (social factors, work pressure, traditional opinion, gender discrimination and bias) and subjective factors (high self-expectations, poor psychological well-being) of the influencing factors on the mental health of female teachers in China are discussed. With an eye to the future researches on mental health of female teachers in China, we suggest some countermeasures from social, college and individual levels to keep mental health of female teachers in colleges of China.