This study investigates how cognitive presence and affective connectedness impact social presence. We employed Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM) to analyze the data (N=679). Respondents were gathered from an online survey questionnaire by Indonesian and Malaysia undergraduate students in three universities: Universitas Negeri Medan (n=405),…

Global teaching opportunities have opened doors for teachers to look for prospective changes in their careers. The problem was international teachers accept offers to teach in the United States but face challenges for a smooth transition in the education system that affects students. The experiences of international teachers in implementing the…

The last two decades have witnessed many studies reporting factors that promote second language (L2) learners' pragmatic competence such as pragmatic input, language proficiency, and pragmatic instruction. Length of formal study, although it may relate to language proficiency indirectly, has been a rather neglected aspect in pragmatic acquisition…

This study investigated the effects of two different classroom contexts, sociodramatic play and a teacher led activity, on children's use of verbal communication. Additionally, the effect of children's gender on their use of verbal communication was examined. Participants in the study were 24 children between the ages of 37 and 55 months old, who…

These proceedings contain the abstracts of papers of EDUSREF 2019, which was held in Ankara, Turkey on 28-29 June 2019. Establishing in 2018 as a scientific initiative; Education, Society & Reform Research (EDUSREF) is an International Conference that aims to bridge the knowledge gap, promote social research esteem, and produce democratic…

This paper seeks to explore at least one aspect of interactional practices in two different multilingual mathematics classroom contexts with learners drawn from different socio-cultural backgrounds. The data collection strategies for this ethnographic study of multi-age primary multilingual mathematics classrooms (with learners aged 12-14) in the…

A proper combination of education, research and innovation is provided by varied cooperative networks. However, the success of collaboration within a multicultural environment requires that the key factors enabling synergy between education, research and innovation have to be considered. Aim of the following paper is to identify and to analyze…

Videoconferencing systems combine face-to-face and mediated interactions in distance education. We extend the use of a Social Presence measure to on-site (face-to-face) learners and distant learners. Comparison between physically present and distant located learners did not indicate significant differences in social presence. Also results indicate…

This research paper describes the benefits of using an activity-based rhetorical perspective to develop English for specific purposes (ESP) test specifications. This approach expands the potential of ESP test specifications to analyze and describe target language use (TLU) situations, TLU tasks, and ESP test tasks. Multiple activity systems are…

Understanding the socio-cultural context is the key to developing appropriate support systems for distance learners. The socio-cultural context in Turkey is a critical ingredient in the development of Turkish distance education programmes, in which two elements of Turkish culture--patronage and an oral tradition--seem to play a significant role.…