The goal of the current study is to examine the impact of students' social economic status, ethnicity, and discipline infractions on their standardized test scores in Indiana, the USA. Data from this study extracted from Indiana Department of Education. ISTEP is a criterion-referenced standardized test. It consists of items that assess a student's…

The Archdiocese of Indianapolis has been using both the Sander's Value-Added and the North Central Association effect size models to identify and determine areas to focus on improving student achievement. This article will discuss the value of using both models to determine areas for improving student performance and measuring whether these…