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Ikram, R – Online Submission, 2011
To date, Early Childhood Education (ECE) courses and curriculum are primarily focused on a being gender neutral and teaching non-traditional gender practices in childcare settings. Further, many child care providers, specifically ECE teachers, are women. This paper describes how many teachers in childcare settings are teaching boys and girls to…
Descriptors: Females, Early Childhood Education, Gender Discrimination, Gender Bias
Stoneberg, Bert D., Jr. – Online Submission, 2004
The purpose of this study was to screen for gender-based (female-male) and ethnic-based (Hispanic-White) differential item functioning (DIF) in the 2003 Idaho Standards Achievement Tests of reading, language arts and mathematics at grades 4, 8 and 10. The vendor, the Northwest Evaluation Association (NWEA), assembled the computer-administered…
Descriptors: State Standards, Grade 8, Grade 10, Grade 4