ESL teachers play important roles in teaching English and cultural orientation to immigrants coming to the US. They serve a variety of people residing legally within the United States such as permanent residents, refugees, migrant workers, asylees, parolees, and some citizens and international students. They also serve undocumented immigrants.…

Digital technology has significantly transformed education, requiring teacher educators to develop robust digital competencies to navigate 21st-century classrooms. Digital competence, defined by the European Commission's DigComp framework, includes information and data literacy, communication and collaboration, digital content creation, safety,…