There is growing evidence that out-of-school factors, such as physical and mental health, family support, and social and emotional development, significantly affect student learning (Berliner 2009). To address challenges related to poverty, schools are being charged with serving as a focal point in providing and coordinating support services for…

Virtually all elementary schools extend their activities beyond regular classroom instruction through varying approaches to and levels of supplemental support. These services are intended to support student learning and may be provided within the school or via referrals to external organizations in the community. While supporting the comprehensive…

Schools have historically and increasingly played an important role in providing services to meet students' social and emotional, family, health, and academic needs. Coordinating these services in a way that is strategically aligned with a school's academic mission and that efficiently addresses the needs of all students is often challenging and…