Between 1984 and 1993, work activity increased among men under 65 who had retired early. Factors influencing this trend include changes in pensions, increased health care costs, longer life expectancy, more layoffs, and more opportunities for flexible schedules and less physically demanding work. (SK)

Retirement provisions may force older workers out of the labor force or restrict their employment opportunities. (Editor)

The average retirement age continued to decline in the 1990s after having leveled off during the preceding 10-15 years. The resumption of the decline is attributed largely to a rise in the labor force participation rate of older men and women between the mid-1980s and 2000. (Author/JOW)

Noneconomic factors such as level of education, job flexibility in work hours, and physical stress appear to influence older women's labor force participation resulting in many retired women who are employed. Some women classified as retired work nearly as many hours as those employed, although many employed older women work part time. (Contains…

This study concludes that older workers do not have especially high unemployment rates, but when they become unemployed, they are less likely to find a job and more likely to leave the labor force in discouragement. (Author/SSH)

Focuses on older men who continue to work after sixty. Examines major factors that contribute to the older worker's decision to remain on the job and how these factors reflect employment characteristics. Emphasizes reasons for industry and occupational employment patterns of older workers. (CSS)

This article argues that in the upcoming decades, older workers will be competing against the largest cohort of middle-aged workers in our country's history. In the absence of other options, the elderly may feel increased pressure to retire or work part time. (Author/SSH)