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Elements for Developing Competency--Based Programs for the Mentally Retarded
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Sauter, Robert C. – Mental Retardation, 1977
The paper focuses on the process and product of planning instruction for mentally retarded students. (Author/CL)
Descriptors: Educational Methods, Educational Objectives, Elementary Secondary Education, Instruction
The Compleat Behavior Modifier: Confessions of an Overzealous Operant Conditioner
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
MacNamara, Roger – Mental Retardation, 1977
A professional involved in behavior modification with handicapped children cites some of his experiences to point out the dangers of misuse of the system. (Author/CL)
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Educational Methods, Elementary Secondary Education, Handicapped Children
Unified Programming Procedures for the Mentally Retarded
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Throne, John M. – Mental Retardation, 1977
Described is the Unified Programming Procedure, a system to coordinate the planning, implementation, and evaluation of individual program plans for mentally retarded residents and day students. (CL)
Descriptors: Behavioral Objectives, Educational Methods, Individualized Instruction, Mental Retardation
Response to Drash, Raver, and Murrin: The Danger and Promise of a Total Habilitation Approach.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Goode, David A. – Mental Retardation, 1987
Several issues raised in the article by Drash et al. are discussed: the danger that total habilitation could become a dominant goal; the lack of definition of "new technology"; the limited utility of the new term, "total habilitation"; and the lack of criteria for total habilitation. (KM)
Descriptors: Definitions, Educational Methods, Educational Objectives, Evaluation Criteria
Operant Conditioning of Grooming Behavior of Severely Retarded Girls
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Treffry, Doug; And Others – Mental Retardation, 1970
Descriptors: Conditioning, Educational Methods, Exceptional Child Research, Females
An Overview of Behavior Modification with the Severely and Profoundly Retarded: Part III, Maintenance of Change and Epilogue
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Nawas, M. Mike; Braun, Stephen H. – Mental Retardation, 1970
The last installment of a series of three papers on operant techniques. (KW)
Descriptors: Behavior, Behavior Change, Conditioning, Educational Methods
Total Habilitation: A Concept Whose Time Has Come--Reactions to Four Responses.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Drash, Philip W.; Raver, Sharon A. – Mental Retardation, 1987
The original authors address several concerns expressed in four responses to their article: terminology; the need for expert and intensive pedagogy (including early intensive language training); pessimistic attitudes; the need for caution in setting total habilitation as a goal; and a research model. (KM)
Descriptors: Definitions, Educational Methods, Educational Objectives, Educational Technology
Total Habilitation as a Major Goal of Intervention in Mental Retardation.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Drash, Philip W.; And Others – Mental Retardation, 1987
Intervention advances in mental retardation have enabled some individuals to function as independent, nonretarded persons. Establishing total habilitation (a term needed to describe this outcome) as a major goal of intervention will promote research and the development of an intervention continuum that includes prevention, total habilitation, and…
Descriptors: Definitions, Early Childhood Education, Educational Methods, Educational Objectives
Normalization, De-Humanization, and Conditioning -- Conflict or Harmony?
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Roos, Philip – Mental Retardation, 1970
Reconciled are the current philosophy of normalization (providing patterns and conditions of everyday life) and the growth of behavior-shaping strategies as the bases of the institutional care and program of the severely mentally handicapped. (KW)
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Conditioning, Educational Methods, Exceptional Child Education
Response to Drash, Raver, and Murrin: Can WE Cure Mental Retardation.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Warren, Sue Allen – Mental Retardation, 1987
Views on the curability of mental retardation are reviewed. The implication of the view of Drash et al., that current technology makes total habilitation possible for many people, is refuted. Efforts should continue in replication research, follow-up, etc. Setting a goal of total habilitation for an individual should be exercised cautiously. (KM)
Descriptors: Definitions, Early Childhood Education, Educational Methods, Educational Objectives
Education of Children with Mental Retardation in the Arab Countries.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Yousef, Jamal M. S. – Mental Retardation, 1993
An overview of issues in the education of children with mental retardation in Arab countries is presented, focusing on educational history, prevalence of mental retardation, residential and special day schools, teacher training, student evaluation, integrated education, and early childhood special education. (Author/JDD)
Descriptors: Educational History, Educational Methods, Educational Practices, Elementary Secondary Education