The distinction between synchronic and diachronic linguistics is criticized on the ground that both approaches eliminate the individual from consideration and are insensitive to changes in the individual and society. (Author/RM)

Presents a general theoretical model of the psychological mechanism of effective speech to provide the basis on which experimental investigations can be conducted and practical recommendations for the field of mass communication can be carried out. (EJS)

Discusses the labor theory of language, the comparison of language with the realm of material implements. Language is to the mind as an implement is to the hands. (TL)