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Callary, Robert E. – Language in Society, 1975
Raised, nasalized variants of /ae/ in such words as hat and back in the speech of many Illinoisans are found to correlate with the size of the community in which the speaker was raised. Generally, the higher the variants, the more urban the speaker was raised. (Author/RM)
Descriptors: Dialect Studies, Language Research, North American English, Phonology

Frazer, Timothy C. – Language in Society, 1983
A study of 51 speakers in rural Illinois showed fronting and raising of (aw) to be considerably more advanced among countryside dwellers than among town residents. Discusses some of the social and economic changes contributing to this phonological shift. (EKN)
Descriptors: Diachronic Linguistics, Language Attitudes, Language Research, Language Usage