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Sabino, Robin – Language Variation and Change, 1996
Assesses phonological continuity and change in the last stage of the moribund dialect called "Negerhollands" in the Danish West Indies (DWI). The article contrasts earlier and current views of this dialect, sketches language contact in the DWI, examines the last speaker's language history and vowel systems, and assesses variation in a…
Descriptors: Black Dialects, Creoles, Diachronic Linguistics, Dialect Studies

Winford, Donald – Language Variation and Change, 1992
The marking of past temporal reference in Black English Vernacular (BEV) and Trinidadian English is compared. Similarities in the patterns of variation according to verb type and phonological conditioning suggest that past marking in contemporary BEV preserves traces of an earlier shift from a creole pattern to one approximating the Standard…
Descriptors: Black Dialects, Contrastive Linguistics, Creoles, English

Poplack, Shana; Tagliamonte, Sali – Language Variation and Change, 1989
An analysis of the linguistic and social contexts of the occurrence of verbal "-s" marking in early Black English, within a historical and comparative perspective, shows that both third person singular and nonconcord "-s" are subject to regular, parallel environmental conditioning. (68 references) (Author/CB)
Descriptors: Articulation (Speech), Black Dialects, Consonants, Diachronic Linguistics