Introduces briefly the social, meaning-based linguistic perspective of genre. Describes how written language is different from oral language. Shows the complexity of written language structure by illustrating how the "element of description" is realized in various written genres. Examines the implications of making genre a more critical…

Suggests new bases of information that need to be considered in deciding how to handle phonics effectively in beginning reading and writing instruction. Presents a description of phonics instruction in the classroom of a teacher of a whole language kindergarten. (MG)

Argues that systematic phonics is destined to fail as a method of reading instruction, and will make learning to read more difficult for many children. Argues it totally misunderstands or ignores how children actually learn to read; the time to learn phonics, if at all, is during reading; and phonemic awareness is spurious. Looks at ideological…

Second-grade students were divided into groups subjected to three programs namely, Direct Instruction, Open Court and literature based program, in order to determine the effectiveness of the three programs. The results indicated that the Open Court and Direct Instruction programs did not improve the children's reading.

"Sounding out" is a cultural model capturing an image of reading that parents and children share, is found to enhance reading ability. The role played by "Sounding out" in parent's experiences with reading is described and how they apply their understanding of sounding out words to instructional interactions with their own children is described.

Discusses research supporting the connections between (1) early reading proficiency and listening to literature at a young age and (2) the nature of children's interactions with books before they read and later reading achievement. Indicates that story telling in the classroom represents a critical link between literature and literacy. (JD)

Describes the interrelationship of reading and writing and proposes a full-school program for reading and writing development that builds on the full range of personal use of written language. (JL)

Examines children's attraction to rhythm and rhyme of nursery rhymes and how these factors affect literacy. Discusses the connection between rhyme and reading and spelling acquisition. (HTH)

Describes an analogy approach to word identification which was used for two years in a resource room. Concludes with an adaptation of the compare/contrast approach for teaching decoding to other children who do not exhibit reading problems. (MG)

Calls for resolution of the ambiguities and contradictions of the language and the practices of whole language. Attempts to elucidate conflicting conceptions and practices among whole-language advocates and thereby make whole language even stronger. (MG)

Presents an annual list of outstanding books that need an introduction by a teacher or other knowledgeable adult in order to be fully appreciated by children. (HTH)

Discusses the literacy problems caused by teaching reading and writing separately and by teaching in isolation the skills required in these two processes. (HTH)

Compares the stages of print awareness in two children to emphasize the developmental stages of literacy. Emphasizes the importance of parents and teachers responding appropriately as children develop their reading and writing skills. (HTH)

Presents examples of messages to a reading teacher from kindergarten students that combine drawing and elementary writing skills. Emphasizes the important role of teachers and other adults and of reading and writing tools in the development of children's reading and writing abilities. (HTH)

Describes measurement instruments for language development, literature, reading, English as a second language, and writing. (DD)