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McReynolds, William T. – Journal of Research in Personality, 1980
The essentials of learned helplessness theory are described and supporting evidence surveyed. The explanation Seligman and Maier give for these findings is critically analyzed. A schedule-shift discrimination theory of learned helplessness effects is also discussed. (Author)
Descriptors: Adults, Behavior, Cognitive Measurement, Depression (Psychology)

Orbach, Israel; Hadas, Ziva – Journal of Research in Personality, 1982
Tested efficiency of induced self-esteem in reducing various deficits caused by learned helplessness. Results indicated subjects who received induced self-esteem treatment showed significantly more deficit reversal. Results are discussed in relation to the usefulness of induced self-esteem as a form of treatment for helplessness depression.…
Descriptors: College Students, Depression (Psychology), Feedback, Foreign Countries

Buys, Nicholas J.; Winefield, Anthony H. – Journal of Research in Personality, 1982
Compared high-school students differing in achievement motivation in a learned helplessness experiment. A strong helplessness effect was observed in both high- and low-achievement motivation groups. Results show a strong learned helplessness effect unrelated to individual differences in achievement motivation and refute claims that helplessness…
Descriptors: Achievement Need, Helplessness, High School Students, Individual Differences