Contrasts good and poor readers' text recall while listening and while reading aloud to determine if poor readers have a decoding problem, a comprehension problem, or both. Finds no significant difference in listening comprehension between good and poor readers for either easy or difficult texts. (MM)

Examines the comparative use of grapho/phonic and syntactic/semantic cues for ongoing word recognition by readers in grades two, four, six, and eight reading both silently and orally. Finds a greater number of altered words were identified in the oral compared to the silent reading mode in grades four, six, and eight. (RS)