While segregation in public schools was found unconstitutional in the "Brown v. Board" of Education of Topeka Kansas case in 1954, many present day African American students still attend segregated schools. Within these "de facto" segregated schools, students meet challenges to educational achievement. In a sample of 160…

Ambiguity remains as to whether contemporary levels of racial segregation in and outside of the U.S. South are a serious problem. This article subsequently examines the math and science test-scores of 3rd-graders that participated in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study. Test-score performances are estimated using multilevel statistical methods…

This article summarizes African Americans' ongoing struggle for quality education in Milwaukee, Wisconsin by utilizing school district data and secondary sources. The historic integration effort in the Milwaukee Public Schools system is outlined and the impact of sustained segregation, in the midst of significant changes to Milwaukee's social and…

More than thirty cases involving desegregation of public school systems handed down in the first 25 years after Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas, by the U.S. Supreme Court are discussed. However, the last 25 years have resulted in a situation of having the nation taking one step forward and half a step backwards, due to the conditions…

An examination of the history of the American Federation of Teachers which explores its relationship to school integration and teacher distribution as well as its militant role in civil rights activities and social welfare policies. (JM)

Testifying on housing patterns in St. Louis (Missouri), this expert indicates that St. Louis has been, and continues to be, a highly racially segregated metropolitan area, where the housing effects of past discrimination have not disappeared. Schools remain an important factor in the voluntary choice of residential area. (SLD)

Explains how local, state, and federal governments have exacerbated or failed to take steps to reduce residential segregation in the St. Louis (Missouri) metropolitan area since the 1981 Liddell v. Board of Education decision that decided that school board and governmental housing policies had contributed to segregation in the city's schools. (SLD)

Examined the relationship between segregated education and school outcomes for African American students in a school district regarded as a model of successful desegregated public schooling. Surveys indicated that many of the schools remained segregated at the building level. All secondary core academic classes were tracked and racially…

Presents statistics and research results in support of the view that the St. Louis (Missouri) public schools continue to be highly segregated, and that the district should not be granted the unitary status that would reduce state funding. The economic costs to disadvantaged children of segregated schools are noted. (SLD)

Provides an archival analysis of the relationship between the NAACP and its progeny, the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc., in their joint battle to end segregation in the United States, especially in its public schools. Legal efforts targeting NAACP operations in the aftermath of Brown are examined. (GR)

Examines the potential impact of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in the struggle initiated by Brown, namely, that of freeing the nation's schools and educational work places from the effects of racial discrimination. It also discusses the major components of the ADA and offers policy guidelines for implementing the ADA in schools and…

E. A. Hanushek analyzed the possibility that the St. Louis (Missouri) school district could operate a quality school system with the resources it would get under the state's transition plan that would phase out state financial support for school desegregation. The witness projected no adverse effect on the quality of education in the city. (SLD)

Provides a tribute to the legacy of Thurgood Marshall through an examination of Marshall's key role in the history of desegregation. It focuses on his position as lead counsel for the NAACP assigned to argue Brown v Board of Education before the Supreme Court and his subsequent influence as a member of the Court. (GR)

Analyzes Thurgood Marshall's role as a critical jurist, especially in light of recent criticism directed at Brown v Board of Education. It discusses the separate-but-equal doctrine of Plessy v Ferguson and Marshall's underlying strategy that such a doctrine was harmful to black children. It concludes with the author's interpretation of Marshall's…

Presents a history of the social, educational, and legal events leading up to Brown v Board of Education. It also provides a comprehensive review of major Supreme Court rulings on desegregation and equal education opportunity for African Americans in the 40 years since Brown. (GR)