Concludes that about half of racial differentials in earnings are due to current labor market discrimination, with the remainder due to past discrimination. (BH)

Describes a study of efforts to use the Continuous Longitudinal Manpower Survey to estimate the effect that the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) has had on the post-training earnings of participants. Results indicate that CETA has had a positive and often significant effect on the earnings of participants, and that women benefited…

Updates and reexamines Kehrer's 1973 survey of women and men physicians and factors affecting their income differential. It also compares economic indicators of demand for office-based services for men and women physicians to determine whether there is evidence of discrimination by potential patients against women physicians. (CT)

Wage discrimination by gender in reemployment was examined by decomposing the wage gap upon reemployment. Results suggest that employers are using discriminatory hiring practices that are less likely to be detected and harder to prove in court. (SK)

Analysis of 17 years of data on engineering jobs was used to estimate a model of hierarchies. About two-thirds of changes in employment share across hierarchy levels was explained by shifts in the supply of skills. Assignment to higher levels was caused by skill accumulation and self-selection rather than technological differences across…

Using data from 1954-86, including the 1980s period of relative decline in the value of the minimum wage, a study found that a 10 percent increase in minimum wage reduced teen unemployment by less than 1 percent. In addition, no apparent effect on employment of adults aged 20-24 was found, and minimal differences appeared for sex and race. (SK)

Looks at the simultaneous labor force participation and hours of work decisions for Japanese wives, both employees and family workers. Although the estimated aggregate wage and income fluctuations for employees are somewhat higher than previous estimates for the United States, they are of the same order of magnitude. (JOW)

With data from the Survey of Income Program Participation, a three-equation, reduced-form econometric model is used to generate estimates revealing that the cost of market child care decreases the labor force participation of married women. High wages increase likelihood of working and use of paid child care. (SK)

Canadian displaced worker data show that predisplacement wages rise at about the same rate, but women lose more from displacement than men and loss increases with tenure. Results do not support the hypothesis that women accumulate less job-specific human capital; gender differences in job search may be a cause. (SK)

For high school dropouts who last attempted the General Educational Development (GED) test in Florida and New York in 1989-1990, earnings of those without GEDs, least-skilled GED holders, and highest-skilled GED holders were compared. Higher GED scores were associated with higher earnings, except for white males. These earnings differences were as…

Immigrants who acquire U.S. schooling earn higher wages than other immigrants. Returns to years of non-U.S. schooling are higher for those who complete schooling in the United States. For those without U.S. schooling, returns are higher for immigrants from highly developed countries or countries where English is an official language. (Contains 34…

The author uses the variable of English-language proficiency to explain the differences in earnings among foreign-born men based on the 1976 Survey of Income and Education data. English-language proficiency is found to have significant positive influence on earnings for all ethnic groups, but especially for Hispanic and Asian men. (Author/CH)

A questionnaire was completed by 1,297 graduates of Master of Business Administration (MBA) programs at the University of Pittsburgh. Questions collected data on job status, salary, sex, and years of work. Results show that female MBAs earn less than their male peers from the beginning, and the trend continues. (CH)

This paper develops an individual optimization model with persistent intergenerational immobility. Its key feature is that training costs are negatively correlated with family background. Different innate abilities are shown to reduce but not eliminate the importance of family backgrounds. It argues that, in some situations, equal opportunity…

Reviews and assesses evaluations of the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) programs. Most studies found that the programs raised earnings by $200 to $600 annually. Compares studies, indicating differences in methodology and how these differences affected the estimated impact, and provides implications for policy and recommendations…