Case studies were conducted at three universities that significantly changed the status of women faculty during the 1970s. The most frequently cited factors for this success include leadership of top administrators, pressure from women faculty, and other environmental/structural changes supporting affirmative action. (Author/MLW)

Faculty affirmative action occurs within a context of decentralized decision making and hinges on judgments that faculty make about one another. Administrative leadership, faculty liaisons, federal pressure, and institutional culture influence those decentralized judgments. The nature and extent of those factors are outlined. (Author/MLW)