Voluntary and nonvoluntary retirees were compared to determine individual factors that led to a voluntary or nonvoluntary decision to retire and impact of that decision on retirement attitudes and satisfaction. Health status and preretirement feelings about retirement were more significant predictors of retirement attitudes and satisfaction than…

Examines the relationship between the preretirement life-style of adult men, and both the degree of planning for the retirement years and the decision to retire early. Socioeconomic status, health, involvement in expressive-type organizations, job satisfaction, and degree of leisure orientation were associated with preretirement attitudes. (Author)

A limited literature on the retirement of academics suggests that they do not follow the expected pattern of retirement but may be similar to scientists in retirement. Data collected show that to varying degrees they continue to engage in professional activities after retirement. (Author)

Older men and women (N=3630) were examined for sex differences in selected social and psychological characteristics. Compared to older men, older women were found to be as work-oriented and more likely to take a long time adjusting to retirement. Older women were more likely to report "negative" psychological symptoms. (Author)

This study constitutes an effort to apply to females the role-theoretical orientation to work and retirement in old age which has often been applied to men. Cross-sectional data are used to test the hypothesis that older working women have better morale than those not working. Results are discussed. (Author)

The ability of preretirement programs to generate changes facilitating the transition to retirement was investigated. A research design was employed to evaluate a group discussion program and an individual briefing program. Group discussion program was effective in increasing knowledge of retirement issues. Effectiveness of individual briefing…

Studies report contradictory finding on the hypothesis of an inverse relationship between work satisfaction and retirement attitude. Some suggest this inverse relationship occurs only where work acts as a key organizing factor for the workers. Data testing these hypotheses were analyzed from a study of employed males age 50 and older (N=1,922).…

Longitudinal data for 58 male subjects were used to examine intensively the process of adaptation to retirement. Evidence of high levels of adaptation in the sample was reflected in the overwhelming stability of morale over time. Multiple regression analysis indicated social resources condition the relationship between adaptation and retirement.…

Investigates the possibility that attitude toward retirement results from the worker's realistic appraisal of the type of retirement experience expected. Data collected from industrial workers (N=70) indicate that workers who can expect a positive retirement experience in terms of finances and friends are likely to have a positive attitude toward…

Primarily middle-class women (N=212) were classified as "still working,""retired," or "housewives most of their lives" according to self-report. Analysis showed women who have worked much of their lives are not at a disadvantage relative to those who have not in terms of number of social resources at their disposal. (Author)

Participation in the Senior Adult Education Program eases the transition from the primary occupational role into the retirement role. Intergenerational social distance appears to be minimal between older and younger college students, thus facilitating the sharing of a common campus. (Author/MFD)

Vroom's expectancy theory model to predict older worker's choices between employment or retirement hypothesized that a person's preference would be a function of differences between instrumentality of employment and retirement for attainment of outcomes, multiplied by the valence of each outcome, summed over outcomes. Results supported the…