In the present study, the authors aimed to assess the short- and long-term predictive power of the various components of an emergent literacy model on early writing abilities in a language with a mainly transparent orthography (Italian). Emergent literacy skills were assessed in 72 children (M age = 5.05 years, SD = plus or minus 0.03) who were…

Pre-experimental predictions that an increase in grade would be paralleled by an increase in degree of meaning conditioning, in amount of awareness, and in amount of conditioning with awareness were not supported in this investigation, consideration of possible reasons for such a result help clarify the nature of meaning conditioning. (WY)